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1.
Rev. bras. cancerol ; 66(2): 1-10, 20200402.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097277

ABSTRACT

Introdução: No Brasil, cada vez mais são identificadas ações ilegais de publicidade, propaganda e patrocínio por parte da indústria do tabaco em eventos musicais e por meio das redes sociais, voltadas a atrair principalmente o público jovem para o uso do cigarro. Objetivo: Desenvolver uma metodologia que permita estabelecer um parâmetro de quantificação dos impactos negativos para o setor saúde desse descumprimento da lei. Método: Combinaram-se as informações nacionais existentes sobre i) a equivalência entre "custo direto médio da assistência médica" e "mortes por doenças atribuíveis ao tabagismo" e ii) a equivalência entre "a parcela do lucro revertido em ações de marketing" e "mortes de fumantes que contribuíram para a geração desse lucro por meio da compra de cigarros", de forma a se obter a relação "custo direto do tratamento" vs "parcela do lucro revertido em ações de marketing". As doenças selecionadas foram aquelas que apresentam os maiores custos diretos de tratamento atribuíveis ao fumo. Resultados: Para cada centavo investido em marketing pela indústria do tabaco, o Brasil tem um gasto com tratamento de doenças relacionadas ao tabaco 1,93 vezes superior ao dinheiro investido pela indústria. Conclusão: A mensuração da responsabilização dos violadores da legislação nacional para o controle do tabaco é fundamental para compensar parte dos custos associados ao tratamento de pacientes e aos programas de cessação ao fumo, favorecendo assim a redução do tabagismo no país.


Introduction: In Brazil, illegal actions of advertising, promotion, and sponsorship by part of the tobacco industry are increasingly identified in music events, and through social media, aimed mainly to attract young people to use cigarettes. Objective: To develop a methodology that allows the creation of a parameter of quantification of the negative impacts to the health sector of non-compliance with the law. Method: Combination of the current national information about i) the equivalence between "mean direct cost of medical care" and "deaths by diseases attributable to tobacco addiction" and ii) the equivalence between "the portion of the profit translated into marketing actions" and "deaths of smokers who contributed for the generation of this profit through purchase of cigarettes" in order to obtain the relation between "direct cost of the treatment" vs "portion of the profit translated into market actions". The diseases selected were those that presented the biggest direct cost of treatment attributable to tobacco. Results: For every cent invested in marketing strategies by the tobacco industry, Brazil spends 1.93 times more financial resources to treat tobacco-related diseases. Conclusion: The measurement of the liability for non-compliance of the tobacco national legislation is essential to offset part of the associated costs of the treatment of patients and programs of tobacco cessation to favor the reduction of smoking prevalence in Brazil.


Introducción: En Brasil, es cada vez más común identificar acciones ilegales de publicidad, promoción y patrocinio del tabaco por parte de la industria tabacalera en eventos musicales y a través de redes sociales, destinadas principalmente a atraer al público joven al consumo de cigarrillos. Objetivo: Desarrollar una metodología que permita establecer un parámetro para cuantificar los impactos negativos al setor de la salud de esa acción ilegal de la ley. Método: El artículo integra la información nacional existente sobre i) la equivalencia entre el "costo directo promedio de asistencia médica" y "muertes por enfermedades atribuibles al tabaquismo" y ii) la equivalencia entre "la parte del ingreso usado en acciones de marketing" y "las muertes de fumadores que han contribuido a la generación de estos ingresos a través de la compra de cigarrillos", para obtener la relación "costo directo del tratamiento" vs "parte de los ingresos usados en acciones de marketing". Las enfermedades seleccionadas fueron las que presentaron los costos más altos de tratamiento directo atribuibles al uso del tabaco. Resultados: Por cada centavo invertido en marketing por la industria tabacalera, Brasil tiene un gasto en tratamiento de enfermedades relacionadas con el tabaco 1,93 veces mayor que el monto invertido por la industria. Conclusión: Medir la responsabilidad de los infractores de la legislación nacional de control del tabaco es esencial para compensar parte de los costos asociados con el tratamiento de los pacientes y com los programas para dejar de fumar, favoreciendo así la reducción del consumo de tabaco en el país.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tobacco Use Disorder/economics , Tobacco Industry/economics , Tobacco-Derived Products Publicity , Tobacco Use Disorder/mortality , Brazil , Compensation and Redress , Marketing/statistics & numerical data
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 53: 107, jan. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1101854

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To document the evidence about marketing of ultra-processed foods and "non-alcoholic" beverages in Latin America. METHODS We performed a structured search of quantitative and qualitative studies in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, published between January 2000 and May 2017 and conducted in Latin America. We conducted a quality assessment following a standardized tool and a thematic analysis to identify key typologies of marketing across studies RESULTS Out of 521 studies screened by title and abstract, we included 36 in this review; 27 of them analyzed television advertisement. Other marketing channels studied were food packaging, point of sale and outdoor advertisement. Studies found television advertises foods and beverages that are mostly ultraprocessed foods and have low nutritional value, particularly those promoted during children's programming. We also observed children have a literal interpretation of images printed on food packaging, so this can be deceiving. Several studies also found proximity to unhealthy foods may increase their consumption. Finally, the thematic analysis identified the following typologies of food marketing: a) television advertisement, b) food packaging marketing, c) marketing strategies at points of sale and d) other marketing strategies. We found almost no advertisements for unprocessed or minimally processed foods such as fruits and vegetables. We did not find any studies on digital marketing conducted in the region. CONCLUSIONS This review found that the main channel of food marketing was television advertising. This synthesis provides insights to the challenges unhealthy eating represents to the public health of Latin America and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Beverages , Food Industry , Marketing/methods , Fast Foods , Nutritive Value , Television , Qualitative Research , Marketing/statistics & numerical data , Latin America
3.
Arq. odontol ; 48(1): 19-25, 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-620900

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e a utilização do marketing por cirurgiões-dentistas, associados ao seu perfil profissional. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualito-quantitativo transversal, realizado com 52 profissionais atuantes nos municípios de Maringá e Marialva, ambos situados na região Noroeste do Paraná. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi um questionário estruturado e auto-responsivo, composto de questões abertas e fechadas, contendo variáveis sobre perfil profissional, conhecimento e atuação de marketing. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos locais de trabalho dos entrevistados durante os meses de agosto e setembro de 2010. Resultados: A maioria dos participantes possuía idade entre 20 e 30 anos (60%) e menos de 5 anos de profissão (42%), sendo a maior parte proveniente de instituições privadas (56%). Ao todo, 26indivíduos eram trabalhadores autônomos (50%), atuantes em consultórios ou clínicas particulares (autônomos totais) e 26 (50%) autônomos, mas que possuíam algum vínculo no serviço público (autônomos parciais). Foi observado que os dentistas autônomos totais relataram utilizar mais estratégias de marketing em relação a autônomos parciais (p=0,01). Para as demais associações entre perfil profissional e conhecimento/utilizaçãode marketing não foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas. Conclusão: De acordo com os resultados desseestudo, o conhecimento sobre marketing e sua utilização parece ainda não ser consenso na odontologia etampouco dependeu do perfil profissional.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Practice Management/statistics & numerical data , Marketing/statistics & numerical data , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Surveys and Questionnaires
4.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 29(2): 76-83, Feb. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-579012

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analizar las distintas regulaciones sobre promoción de fármacos y su grado de acatamiento reflejado en piezas publicitarias expuestas al público en Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua y Perú. MÉTODOS: Se recogieron 683 piezas promocionales expuestas en establecimientos de salud, farmacias y en la vía pública, de las cuales 132 piezas seleccionadas al azar fueron objeto de análisis. Se examinaron las regulaciones sobre publicidad farmacéutica -incluidas sus coincidencias con los criterios éticos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS)- tomadas de los sitios web oficiales y mediante entrevistas con los responsables de los organismos regulatorios y ministerios de salud de los cinco países del estudio. Se evaluaron los contenidos de los materiales de la muestra para determinar su grado de acatamiento respecto a las regulaciones nacionales y las recomendaciones sobre promoción de medicamentos de la OMS. RESULTADOS: Los países cuentan con regulaciones que incorporan los criterios éticos de la OMS. Más de 80 por ciento de las piezas analizadas incluían las indicaciones del fármaco y más de 70 por ciento omitían información sobre efectos adversos. Cincuenta por ciento de los anuncios de medicamentos de venta libre (MVL) expuestos en farmacias incluían indicaciones no aprobadas por la autoridad sanitaria correspondiente. En los anuncios expuestos en farmacias, no se hallaron diferencias significativas entre los riesgos de la información inadecuada con relación a su condición de venta (MVL o medicamentos de venta con prescripción médica). El riesgo relativo de ausencia de información sobre posología fue de 2,08 (intervalo de confianza de 95 por ciento 1,32-3,39) en las piezas distribuidas en farmacias, comparadas con las expuestas en establecimientos de salud. CONCLUSIONES: Si bien en general los cinco países del estudio incorporan en sus regulaciones sobre promoción y publicidad de medicamentos las recomendaciones de la OMS, con frecuencia dichas ordenanzas no se reflejan en los contenidos de las piezas promocionales.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze differing regulations regarding drug promotion, and the extent of compliance as seen in samples of advertising directed to the public in Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Nicaragua, and Peru. METHODS: A total of 683 pieces of promotional material on display in health facilities, pharmacies, and on the street were collected, 132 of which were randomly selected for analysis. The regulations governing pharmaceutical advertising, taken from official websites and interviews with regulatory officials and Ministry of Health staff in the five countries covered, were reviewed, along with their adherence to the ethical criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). The contents of the materials in the sample were evaluated to determine their degree of compliance with national regulations and WHO recommendations on drug promotion. RESULTS: The countries have regulations incorporating WHO ethical criteria. Over 80 percent of the material analyzed included the indications for the drug, while over 70 percent omitted information on adverse effects. Fifty percent of the advertisements for overthe-counter (OTC) drugs on display in pharmacies listed indications not approved by the relevant health authority. In advertising in pharmacies, the risks from inadequate information were not found to differ significantly for OTC or prescription medications. Compared with materials provided in health facilities, the relative risk of the absence of information on dosage in the material distributed in pharmacies was 2.08 (confidence interval 95 percent 1.32-3.39). CONCLUSIONS: Although regulations on drug promotion and advertising in the five countries studied generally incorporate the WHO recommendations, promotional materials often fail to reflect the fact.


Subject(s)
Advertising/legislation & jurisprudence , Legislation, Drug , Advertising , Advertising/standards , Advertising/statistics & numerical data , Guideline Adherence , Health Facilities , Health Promotion , Internet , Latin America , Marketing , Marketing/legislation & jurisprudence , Marketing/standards , Marketing/statistics & numerical data , Nonprescription Drugs , Persuasive Communication , Pharmacies , Sampling Studies , World Health Organization
5.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 19(5): 354-362, mayo 2006.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-433454

ABSTRACT

The objective of this paper is to present and discuss Brazilian policy concerning actions to protect breastfeeding, especially the history, international and national background, limitations, and perspectives of the Brazilian Guidelines for the Marketing of Baby Food, Pacifiers and Bottles. The Brazilian Guidelines, which play a crucial role in protecting breastfeeding against industry marketing strategies, were based on the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, proposed by the World Health Organization in 1981. The first version of the Brazilian Guidelines was released in 1988, and there were subsequent revisions in 1992 and 2001/2002. In 2006, the Guidelines became national law. However, the strides made over this period in terms of regulation have been few because the law is not always observed. Thus, it is essential that all actors involved, including government officials, manufacturers and sellers of baby food and other baby products, teaching and health professionals and their associations, international bodies, and non-governmental organizations make a commitment to enforce the current law.


Subject(s)
History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Infant , Guidelines as Topic , Infant Food/history , Infant Food/standards , Marketing/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Infant Formula , Milk, Human
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